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A molecular formula is a chemical formula that expresses the molecular composition and relative molecular weight of a pure substance (elemental matter or compound) with an element symbol. Substances that do consist of molecules in which the atoms are bound by covalent bonds and the molecules are bound by van der Waals forces or hydrogen bonds have molecular formulas, such as oxygen molecules with O₂, hydrogen chloride molecules with HCl. Molecular formula not only expresses the composition of a substance, more importantly, it can represent a molecule of a substance and its components, composition (the number of atoms of each element in the molecule, the molecular weight and the weight ratio of each component element). So the molecular formula has more meaning than the simplest formula.

For example:

1.The molecular formula of oxygen is O₂, indicating that one oxygen molecule is composed of two oxygen atoms, and the molecular weight is 31.9988.

2.The molecular formula of acetic acid is C₂H₄O₂, indicating that a molecule of acetic acid consists of two carbon atoms, four hydrogen atoms, and two oxygen atoms. It has a molecular weight of 60.05.

3.The molecular formula of water is H₂O, which indicates that a water molecule is composed of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.

4.The molecular formula for molecular hydrogen chloride is HCl, which means that a molecule of hydrogen chloride consists of one hydrogen atom and one chlorine atom.

5.The molecular formula for 2-Propenoic acid,4-benzoylphenyl ester is C16H12O3, which means that a molecule of 2-Propenoic acid,4-benzoylphenyl este consists of sixteen carbon atoms, twelve hydrogen atoms and three oxgen atoms.


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